Table 4. Plant species hosting natural enemies associated with some specific oil palm insect pests.

Plant Insect pest Crop Natural enemy
Spermacoce laevis Automeris rubrescens 1,2 Conura spp.
(2 species)
Scleria melaleuca Ooencyrtussp.
Melanthera aspera
Ageratum conyzoides Acharia sp. 1 Cotesia sp. & Casinaria sp.
Amarantus spinosus Acharia apicalis 2
Chamaesyce hyssopifolia Acharia hyperoche 1
Solanum americanum Acharia horrida 1
Triunfetta semitriloba Euprosterna eleasa 1,2
Urena lobata Natada sp. 1
Phobetron sp. 2
Megalopyge sp. 1,2
A. spinosus Oiketicus kirbyi 1 Conura oiketicusi
Solanum jamaicense Conura spp. 
(2 species)
Cassia tora Filistina sp.
Scleria melaleuca >Digonogastra diversus
Pueraria phaseoloides Opsiphanes cassina 1,2 Alcaeorrhynchus grandis
Melanthera aspera Mormidea sp.
Sida rombifolia Podisus sp.
Baltimora recta Conura maculata
Cassia tora Conura inmaculata
Scleria melaleuca
Melanthera aspera Opsiphanes cassina 1 Horismenus sp.
1,2 Telenomus sp.
1 Ooencyrtus sp.
Cassia reticulata Peleopoda arcanella 1 Trichospilus diatrae
M. aspera Stenoma cecropia 1
Ageratum conyzoides Mycetophilidae u.i. 2 Pteromalidae u.i.
S. laevis
Hyptis vilis
M. aspera Psychidae u.i. 2 Filistina sp.
S. melaleuca
Chamaesyce hirta Saliana sp. 2 Brachymeria sp.
Solanum jamaicense

ui = unidentified species

1= oil palm

2 = peach palm (Bactris gasipaes)